--
For more than three decades, Exodus International has been the leading force in the so-called ex-gay movement, which holds that homosexuals can be "cured" through Christian prayer and psychotherapy.
Exodus leaders claimed its network of ministries had helped tens of thousands rid themselves of unwanted homosexual urges. The notion that homosexuality is not inborn but a choice was seized on by conservative Christian groups who oppose legal protections for gay men and lesbians and same-sex marriage.
But the ex-gay movement has been convulsed as the leader of Exodus, in a series of public statements and a speech to the group's annual meeting last week, renounced some of the movement's core beliefs.
Alan Chambers, 40, the president, declared that there was no cure for homosexuality and that "reparative therapy" offered false hopes to gays and could even be harmful. His statements have led to charges of heresy and a growing schism within the network.
In a phone interview Thursday from Orlando, Fla., where Exodus has its headquarters, Mr. Chambers amplified on the views that have stirred so much controversy. He said that virtually every "ex-gay" he has ever met still harbors homosexual cravings, himself included.
He said Exodus could no longer condone reparative therapy, which blames homosexuality on emotional scars in childhood and claims to reshape the psyche. And in a theological departure that has caused the sharpest reaction from conservative pastors, Mr. Chambers said he believed that those who persist in homosexual behavior could still be saved by Christ and go to heaven.
"I believe that any sexual expression outside of heterosexual, monogamous marriage is sinful according to the Bible," Mr. Chambers emphasized. "But we've been asking people with same-sex attractions to overcome something in a way that we don't ask of anyone else," he said, noting that Christians with other sins, whether heterosexual lust, pornography, pride or gluttony, do not receive the same blanket condemnations.
Mr. Chambers's comments come at a time of widening acceptance of homosexuality and denunciation of reparative therapy by professional societies that say it is based on faulty science and potentially harmful.
A bill to outlaw "conversion therapy" for minors has passed the California Senate and is now before the State Assembly. Earlier this year, a prominent psychiatrist, Dr. Robert L. Spitzer, apologized for publishing what he now calls an invalid study, which said many patients had largely or totally switched their sexual orientation.
Gay rights advocates said they were encouraged by Mr. Chambers's recent turn but remained wary of Exodus, which they feel has caused enormous harm.
"Exodus International played the key role in planting the message that people can go from gay to straight through religion and therapy," said Wayne Besen, director of Truth Wins Out, a group that refutes what it considers misinformation about gays and lesbians. "And the notion that one can change is the centerpiece of the religious right's argument for denying us rights."
Many of the local ministries in Exodus continue to attack gays and lesbians, said David Roberts, editor of the Web site Ex-Gay Watch, and they often have close ties with reparative therapists. He speculated that Mr. Chambers was trying to steer the group in a moderate direction because "they were becoming pariahs" in a society that is more accepting of gay people.
Mr. Chambers said he was simply trying to restore Exodus to its original purpose when it was founded in 1976: providing spiritual support for Christians who are struggling with homosexual attraction.
For more than three decades, Exodus International has been the leading force in the so-called ex-gay movement, which holds that homosexuals can be "cured" through Christian prayer and psychotherapy.
Exodus leaders claimed its network of ministries had helped tens of thousands rid themselves of unwanted homosexual urges. The notion that homosexuality is not inborn but a choice was seized on by conservative Christian groups who oppose legal protections for gay men and lesbians and same-sex marriage.
But the ex-gay movement has been convulsed as the leader of Exodus, in a series of public statements and a speech to the group's annual meeting last week, renounced some of the movement's core beliefs.
Alan Chambers, 40, the president, declared that there was no cure for homosexuality and that "reparative therapy" offered false hopes to gays and could even be harmful. His statements have led to charges of heresy and a growing schism within the network.
In a phone interview Thursday from Orlando, Fla., where Exodus has its headquarters, Mr. Chambers amplified on the views that have stirred so much controversy. He said that virtually every "ex-gay" he has ever met still harbors homosexual cravings, himself included.
He said Exodus could no longer condone reparative therapy, which blames homosexuality on emotional scars in childhood and claims to reshape the psyche. And in a theological departure that has caused the sharpest reaction from conservative pastors, Mr. Chambers said he believed that those who persist in homosexual behavior could still be saved by Christ and go to heaven.
"I believe that any sexual expression outside of heterosexual, monogamous marriage is sinful according to the Bible," Mr. Chambers emphasized. "But we've been asking people with same-sex attractions to overcome something in a way that we don't ask of anyone else," he said, noting that Christians with other sins, whether heterosexual lust, pornography, pride or gluttony, do not receive the same blanket condemnations.
Mr. Chambers's comments come at a time of widening acceptance of homosexuality and denunciation of reparative therapy by professional societies that say it is based on faulty science and potentially harmful.
A bill to outlaw "conversion therapy" for minors has passed the California Senate and is now before the State Assembly. Earlier this year, a prominent psychiatrist, Dr. Robert L. Spitzer, apologized for publishing what he now calls an invalid study, which said many patients had largely or totally switched their sexual orientation.
Gay rights advocates said they were encouraged by Mr. Chambers's recent turn but remained wary of Exodus, which they feel has caused enormous harm.
"Exodus International played the key role in planting the message that people can go from gay to straight through religion and therapy," said Wayne Besen, director of Truth Wins Out, a group that refutes what it considers misinformation about gays and lesbians. "And the notion that one can change is the centerpiece of the religious right's argument for denying us rights."
Many of the local ministries in Exodus continue to attack gays and lesbians, said David Roberts, editor of the Web site Ex-Gay Watch, and they often have close ties with reparative therapists. He speculated that Mr. Chambers was trying to steer the group in a moderate direction because "they were becoming pariahs" in a society that is more accepting of gay people.
Mr. Chambers said he was simply trying to restore Exodus to its original purpose when it was founded in 1976: providing spiritual support for Christians who are struggling with homosexual attraction.
